Machining processes are the backbone of modern manufacturing, enabling the creation of precise components used in industries ranging from automotive to aerospace. If you’re new to CNC machining or looking to deepen your understanding, one fundamental question often arises: What are the three types of machining processes? In this guide, we’ll explore the three primary machining processes—turning, milling, and drilling—while shedding light on their applications, benefits, and how they contribute to high-quality manufacturing. As a leading CNC machine tool manufacturer, we’ve seen firsthand how these processes shape the world of precision engineering.
Understanding Machining Processes
Before diving into the three main types, let’s clarify what machining entails. Machining is a subtractive manufacturing method where material is removed from a workpiece to achieve the desired shape, size, and finish. CNC (Computer Numerical Control) technology enhances these processes by offering precision, repeatability, and efficiency—qualities that manufacturers and engineers prioritize.
The three core machining processes—turning, milling, and drilling—are versatile and widely used across industries. Each process has unique characteristics, making it suitable for specific tasks. Let’s break them down.
The Three Types of Machining Processes
1. Turning: Shaping with Rotation
What is Turning?
Turning is a machining process where a workpiece rotates while a cutting tool removes material from its surface. This process is typically performed on a CNC lathe, such as our EL series CNC lathes, which are designed for precision and durability. The result is often cylindrical or conical components, such as shafts, bolts, or bushings.
How Does Turning Work?
In turning, the workpiece is secured in a chuck and spun at high speeds. A stationary cutting tool then moves along the workpiece’s surface, peeling away material to create the desired shape. Advanced CNC lathes, like those with live tooling (e.g., power turrets), can also perform secondary operations like drilling or milling in a single setup.
Applications of Turning
- Automotive parts (e.g., axles and pistons)
- Aerospace components (e.g., turbine shafts)
- General industrial fittings (e.g., pipes and connectors)
Benefits of Turning
- High precision for cylindrical shapes
- Efficient material removal
- Suitable for both small and large production runs
Turning is ideal when you need rotational symmetry and smooth finishes, making it a staple in precision manufacturing.
2. Milling: Versatile Material Removal
What is Milling?
Milling involves a rotating cutting tool that removes material from a stationary workpiece. This process is performed on CNC milling machines, such as our EV series CNC vertical machining centers or HPG series gantry machining centers. Unlike turning, milling can create complex geometries, including slots, pockets, and contoured surfaces.
How Does Milling Work?
In milling, the cutting tool—often a multi-point tool like an end mill—rotates while moving along multiple axes (e.g., 3-axis or 5-axis). The workpiece remains fixed, and the tool’s movement dictates the shape. For instance, our DU series 5-axis machining centers excel at producing intricate parts in a single setup, reducing production time.
Applications of Milling
- Mold and die manufacturing
- Complex aerospace components (e.g., turbine blades)
- Consumer electronics (e.g., phone casings)
Benefits of Milling
- Versatility in creating 2D and 3D shapes
- High accuracy for detailed features
- Compatibility with a wide range of materials, from metals to plastics
Milling shines when complexity and precision are required, making it a go-to process for advanced manufacturing.
3. Drilling: Precision Hole-Making
What is Drilling?
Drilling is the process of creating round holes in a workpiece using a rotating drill bit. While it may seem simple, drilling is a critical machining process, often integrated into CNC lathes, milling machines, or standalone drilling setups. Our DV series CNC 5-axis machining centers, for example, can perform drilling alongside other operations.
How Does Drilling Work?
A drill bit rotates and advances into the workpiece, removing material to form a hole. CNC technology ensures precise depth, diameter, and positioning. Variations like tapping (adding threads) or reaming (improving hole finish) often follow drilling.
Applications of Drilling
- Fastener holes in machinery
- Oil and gas components (e.g., pipelines)
- Structural assemblies (e.g., bolts in construction)
Benefits of Drilling
- Fast and efficient hole creation
- High repeatability for mass production
- Essential for assembly-ready parts
Drilling is indispensable for components requiring holes, offering both functionality and reliability.
Comparing the Three Machining Processes
| Process | Tool Motion | Workpiece Motion | Typical Output | Best For |
| Turning | Stationary Tool | Rotating Workpiece | Cylindrical Parts | Rotational symmetry |
| Milling | Rotating Tool | Stationary Workpiece | Complex Shapes | Detailed, multi-axis designs |
| Drilling | Rotating Tool | Stationary Workpiece | Holes | Fastener-ready components |
Each process complements the others, and modern CNC machines often combine them for efficiency. For example, a 5-axis machining center might mill a complex surface, drill mounting holes, and turn a shaft—all in one workflow.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Machining Process
Material Type
Different materials—aluminum, steel, titanium, or plastics—respond uniquely to each process. Turning excels with softer metals, while milling handles harder alloys effectively.
Part Geometry
Cylindrical parts favor turning, while intricate 3D shapes require milling. Drilling is your choice for holes, regardless of complexity.
Production Volume
High-volume runs benefit from the speed of turning and drilling, while milling suits prototyping or low-batch production.
Precision Requirements
All three processes offer precision, but 5-axis milling stands out for tight tolerances on complex parts.
By aligning the process with your project’s needs, you ensure efficiency and quality—key priorities in modern manufacturing.
The Role of CNC Technology in Machining
CNC technology elevates turning, milling, and drilling by automating tool paths and ensuring consistency. Machines like our DC series 5-axis machining centers or SP series gantry machining centers use advanced controls to minimize human error and maximize output. This is especially valuable in industries where precision is non-negotiable, such as aerospace and medical device manufacturing.
Conclusion: Mastering Machining for Your Needs
Understanding the three types of machining processes—turning, milling, and drilling—is the first step toward selecting the right method for your project. Whether you need cylindrical components, complex geometries, or precise holes, these processes form the foundation of precision manufacturing. At Dongguan HIRUNG Precision Machinery Co., Ltd., we’ve built our reputation on delivering high-quality CNC machine tools—like our EL series lathes, EV series vertical machining centers, and DU series 5-axis machines—that empower these processes. With a commitment to quality materials, strict accuracy standards, and global service, we aim to support manufacturers worldwide in creating exceptional products.
Ready to explore CNC machining for your next project? The right process, paired with reliable equipment, can make all the difference.
